BY 30 – Fall 2001

LECTURE 12: The Skeletal System

Study Outline Answers

12.1. Functions of the Skeletal System

a. organ; two or more; bone; skeletal system

b. support; protection; movement; mineral storage; blood cell formation

c. skeletal; tendons; levers

d. calcium; phosphorus; magnesium; blood

e. hematopoiesis; marrow

12.2. Classification of Bones

a. long; short; flat; irregular

b. long; humerus; radius; femur; tibia

c. flat; cranium; sternum

12.3. Bone Structure: Gross Anatomy

a. diaphysis; epiphyses; metaphyses; diaphysis; marrow cavity

b. compact; marrow

c. epiphysis; two; spongy; trabeculae; marrow; articular cartilage; friction; shocks

d. metaphysis; epiphyeal plate

e. plates; diploe

f. red; yellow; red; hematopoiesis; flat; irregular; red

12.4. Structure of Bone: Histology

a. calcifies; hydroxyapatite; tensile; compressive

b. osteogenic cells; osteoblasts; osteocytes; osteoclasts; osteoblast; osteoclast

c. osteogenic cells; collagen type I; osteoid

d. osteoclast; more than one; acid; enzymes; ruffled border

e. osteocytes; lacuna; canaliculi

f. periosteum; osteogenic; fibrous; fibrous; osteoblasts; osteoclasts; osteogenic; cuboidal; squamous; appositional

g. endosteum; osteogenic

h. lamellae; outer circumferential lamellae; inner circumferential lamellae

i. Haversian systems; resorption; formation; Haversian; concentric; Volksman’

j. Interstitial

12.5. Bone Formation

a. Ossification; calcifies; intramembranous; endochondral; one; same

b. intramembranous; membrane; osteoblasts; compact; periosteum; trabeculae; spongy

c. mesenchyme; cartilage; endochondral

d. chondroblasts; lacuna; chondrocytes; hyaline; perichondrium

e. diaphysis; cartilage; periosteum; bony; cartilaginous

f. secondary; articular; epiphyseal; metaphyses;

g. appositional; epiphyseal plates

h. reserve cartilage; proliferation; hypertrophy; calcification; proliferation; calcification; closure; epiphyseal line

i. growth hormone; giantism; dwarfism; androgens; estrogens; estrogens; closure; vitamin D; rickets; osteomalacia

12.6. Joints

a. articulation; fibrous; cartilaginous; synovial; synovial; synovial

b. suture; synarthrosis

c. syndesmosis; amphiarthrosis

d. synchondrosis; symphysis; costal-chondral; synarthoses; amphiarthrosis

e. synovial; diathroses; synovial capsule; fibrous capsule; synovial; ligaments; synovial membrane