BY 30 – Fall 2001

LECTURE 14: Nervous Tissue II

Study Outline Answers

14.1. Graded Potentials

a. Na⁺; K⁺, membrane permeabilities

b. –90mV; out of; -90mV; outward K⁺; hyperpolarize

c. +60mV; into; +60mV; inward Na⁺; depolarize

d. graded; action; graded; long

e. graded; hyperpolarizing; depolarizing

f. sum; temporal; spatial

g. decremental; amplitude; leakage

14.2. Action Potentials

a. depolarization; -70mV; +30mV; repolarization; hyperpolarizes

b. depolarization; propagate; excitable; axon hillock; axon; muscle

c. voltage-gated

d. threshold; -55mV; Na⁺ entry (inward); K⁺ exit (outward); inward

e. voltage-gated Na⁺; positive; depolarization; Na⁺; depolarization; E_Na; +30mV

f. voltage-gated K⁺; depolarization; out of; repolarize; hyperpolarizes

g. voltage-gated Na⁺; action; brain

h. Sub-threshold; amplitude; duration; all or none; sum; frequency

i. absolute refractory; relative refractory; stronger

j. Na⁺; sequentially; amplitude; duration; absolute refractory

k. diameter; myelinated; membrane; saltatory; node

l. increases; constant (all or none)

m. sum

n. threshold; refractory

o. decremental; propagated

14.3. Synapses

a. Synapses; pre-synaptic; post-synaptic

b. electrical; chemical; neurotransmitters

c. excitatory; EPSP; inhibitory; IPSP

d. axon terminal; synaptic vesicles; cytoplasm; synaptic cleft; post-synaptic; receptors;

e. depolarization; voltage-gated Ca²⁺; Ca²⁺; receptors; EPSP; IPSP

f. synaptic; exocytosis

g. acetyl CoA; choline; synaptic vesicles; cholinergic; nicotinic; Na⁺; EPSP; action; acetylcholine esterase