BY 30 – Fall 2001
16.1.
Skeletal Muscle Contraction
a. sliding filament; thick filaments; thin filaments; myosin; thin filaments; sarcomere
b. Z-discs; sarcomere
c. ATPase; energized; actin
d. myosin head; sarcomere; thin filament; ADP; Pi
e. actin; ATP; rigor mortis; myosin heads
f. Ca2+; excitation-contraction (EC)
g. nicotinic; motor end; Na+; K+; endplate potential
h. T; SR; troponin; tropomyosin; actin
i. SR; Ca2+ ATPase; calsequestrin
16.2.
Skeletal Muscle Mechanics
a. tension; shorten; isometric; isotonic; cycle; thin filaments
b. twitch
c. latent; EC coupling; contraction; peak tension; relaxation; tension
d. 1-2; 100; summation; action potentials
e. tetanus; unfused; fused; 3-5
f. length; optimal; cross bridge
g. lever; F1; D1; F2; D2
16.3.
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Fiber Types
a. Na+/K+ ATPase; cross bridge cycling; Ca2+ ATPase
b. seconds; from creatine phosphate; aerobic respiration; anaerobic respiration
c. creatine phosphate; higher energy phosphate; creatine phosphate; creatine; short bursts
d. oxidative phosphorylation; glycogen; blood; glucose; fatty acids
e. glycolysis; lactic acid
f. muscle fatigue; central fatigue; Ca2+; glycogen; lactic acid; ADP
g. fiber; slow oxidative; fast oxidative; fast glycolytic
h. slow oxidative; oxidative; mitochondria; myoglobin; red; diameters; fatigue
i. fast oxidative; myoglobin; red
j. fast glycolytic; glycolysis; white; diameters; tension; fatigue
16.4.
Cardiac Muscle
a. myofibrils; sarcomeres
b. T; SR; sliding filament
c. 1; within the middle; intercalated discs; desmosomes; gap junctions
d. action potentials; autorhymicity; involuntary; autonomic
e. heart rate; strength of contraction; heart rate
16.5.
Smooth Muscle
a. multi-unit; single-unit
b. multi-unit; innervation; gap junctions
c. single-unit; gap junctions; unit
d. 1; sarcomeres; T
e. autorhymicity; autonomic; calmodulin; myosin ligh chain kinase; myosin; cross bridges