BY 30 – Fall 2001
17.1. Protective
Structures
a. vertebrae; vertebral column;
vertebral canal; intervertebral foramen
b. meninges; dura mater;
arachnoid mater; pia mater; subarachnoid; arachnoid mater; pia mater
c. dura mater; dense irregular;
epidural
d. arachnoid mater; subdural;
subarachnoid; subarachnoid
e. pia mater; denticulate; dura
mater
17.2. Gross Anatomy of
the Spinal Cord
a. medulla oblongata; conus
medullaris; L1-L2 (L = lumbar); cervical; lumbar
b. filum terminale
c. ventral; dorsal; spinal
nerves; 31; segment
d. 8; 12; 5; 5; coccygeal
e. L1-L2; cauda equina
f. cerebrospinal fluid (CSF);
subarachnoid; L3-L4
17.3. Histology of the
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
a. gray matter; white matter;
gray matter; cell bodies; dendrites; axons; neuoglial
b. dorsal; ventral; gray
commisure; central canal; sensory; motor
c. a motor neurons; d motor [note a = alpha, and d = gamma)
d. lateral; S2-S4 (S = sacral)
e. interneurons; sensory
f. axons; myelinated;
neuroglial; ventral median; dorsal median; ventral; lateral; dorsal; tracts
g. brain; ascending; thalamus;
dorsal column; spinothalamic; dorsal; lateral; ventral
h. descending; corticospinal;
lateral; ventral
i. dorsal; ventral; motor;
dorsal; dorsal root ganglion (DRG); primary afferent
j. intervertebral foramen;
dorsal; ventral; intercostal; plexuses; cervical; brachial; lumbosacral
k. epineureum; perineureum;
fascicles; endoneureum
17.4. Spinal Reflexes
a. somatic; cardiac muscle;
smooth muscle; glands
b. sensory; integration; motor
c. primary afferent; dorsal
root ganglion; pseudounipolar; spinal cord; sensory receptors; generator
potential; threshold
d. interneurons; dorsal horn;
primary afferent; motor
e. a motor; preganglionic
f. stretch; monosynaptic; knee
g. muscle spindles; intrafusal;
stretched; action potentials; a motor
h. a motor; extrafusal; motor; contract
i. reciprocal; interneuron;
inhibitory
j. withdrawal; interneurons;
dorsal;
k. ipsilateral; contract; relax
l. contralateral; relax;
contract; crossed extensor