BY 30 – Fall 2001

LECTURE 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Study Outline Answers

1.1. Definition of Anatomy and Physiology:

a. anatomy; physiology

b. dissection

1.2. Levels of Organization:

a. atoms; molecules; cells; tissues; organs; organ systems; organism

b. molecules; elements

c. cell

d. organelles

e. tissue

f. epithelia; muscle; nerve; connective

g. atoms

h. organs

i. 11

1.3. Basic Life Functions:

a. metabolism; responsiveness; movement; growth; reproduction

b. metabolism

c. digestion

d. anabolism; catabolism

e. excretion

f. responsiveness

g. organism; organ; cell; structures within cells

h. hyperplasia; cell size

i. differentiation

j. mitosis; meiosis; gametes

1.4. Homeostasis:

a. internal

b. homeostasis

1.5. Body Fluid Compartments:

a. intracellular fluid; extracellular fluid

b. plasma; interstitial fluid; plasma

c. composition; extracellular

1.6. Feedback Systems:

a. blood glucose levels

b. sensor; central controller; effectors

c. thermometer; central controller; effector; room temperature

d. error signal

e. negative

f. blood vessels of skin; sweat glands; muscles

g. set point

h. positive

i. oxytocin release during child birth; Na⁺ channel activity in excitable membranes; blood clotting

1.7. Basic Anatomical Terminology:

a. forward; forward

b. prone; supine

c. sagittal; frontal; mid-sagittal

d. transverse

e. superior; anterior; lateral; proximal; ipsilateral

f. cranial; spinal cord

g. abdominal diaphragm