BY 30 – Fall 2001
2.1.
Atoms
a. inorganic; organic; organic
b. elements; Ca; Na; K; C; H; N; O
c. atoms
d. neutrons; protons; protons; positive
e. electron cloud; electrons; negative
f. 2; 8
g. protons; atomic mass number
h. isotopes; radioisotopes
i. isotope; daltons
2.2.
Ions, Molecules, and Compounds
a. ion; cations; anions
b. molecule; compound
c. chemical bonds
2.3.
Chemical Bonds
a. ionic; covalent; hydrogen
b. ionic
c. sodium; chlorine; solid; Na+, Cl-
d. electrolytes
e. covalent; single; double; triple
f. double
g. nonpolar; polar
h. negative; positive
i. hydrogen
j. molecules; 3-dimensional shape
2.4. Chemical Reactions
a. bonds; broken
b. chemical equation; reactants; products
c. reactants; products
d. exergonic; endergonic
e. activation
f. temperature; particle size; concentration; presence of catalysts
g. increase; decrease; increase; activation energy
h. synthesis; decomposition
i. anabolism; endergonic; catabolism; exergonic
j. oxidation; reduction; oxidized; reduced
2.5.
Types of Mixtures
a. mixture
b. solutions; colloids; suspensions
c. solvent; solute
d. molarity; moles/liter
e. grams; 6.02 x 1023; Avogadro’s
f. colloid
g. suspension
2.6.
Water
a. polarity; reactivity; high heat capacity; high heat of vaporization; cushions
b. polar; hydrophilic; nonpolar
c. hydration layer
d. reactant; product
e. high; heat; hydrogen bonds
f. high; evaporate; heat
g. cushion
2.7.
Acids and Bases
a. electrolytes (ions)
b. H+;
c. Water
d. [H+]; pH; 0; 14
e. neutral; 10-7 M; 10-7 M; 10-6 M; 10-8 M; 10-8 M; 10-6 M
f. 7.35-7.45;
buffers; H+;
g. strong; weak; reversible
h. increases; decreases