BY 30 – Fall 2001

LECTURE 7: Cell Growth and Reproduction

Study Outline Answers

7.1. The Nucleus and Cell Division

a. one; multinucleated; mature red blood cells

b. DNA; mRNA; proteins

c. the nuclear envelope (=membrane); nucleoli; chromatin

d. rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER); nuclear pores; cytoplasm

e. Nucleoli; rRNA; proteins; ribosome

f. nucleoplasm

g. DNA molecule; histones; nucleosome; nucleosomes; string

h. chromosomes; 46; autosomes; sex chromosomes; 23; homologous; genes

i. somatic; reproductive; somatic; gametes; meiosis

7.2. Somatic Cell Division

a. interphase; mitotic

b. G₁ (growth 1); S (synthesis); G₂ (growth 2); G₁; organelles; G_o; nerve

c. DNA replication; G₂; centriole

d. replication; helicase; DNA polymerase; nucleosides; three; two phosphates

e. histones

f. mitosis; cytoplasm; prophase; metaphase; anaphase; telophase

g. Prophase; chromatids; centromere; chromosome

h. Mitotic spindle; centrioles; centrosome (cell center); microtubules; tubulin; kinetochore; kinetochore; polar; aster

i. nucleoli; nuclear membrane

j. metaphase; centromeres; equator; metaphase plate

k. centromeres; kinetochore

l. Telophase; chromosomes; nuclear membrane; nucleoli; breaks down

m. microfilaments; cleavage furrow; actin; organelles

7.3. Protein Synthesis

a. gene; transcribed; translated; base triplet; codon

b. Ribosomes; rRNA; RER; cytosol; RER; secretion

c. endoplasmic reticulum (ER); RER; smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER); SER; Golgi apparatus; secretory vesicles; lysosomes

d. nucleus; RNA polymerase; promotor; start; sense strand; anti-sense

e. stop; pre-mRNA; introns; exons; introns; exons; cytoplasm

f. Translation; tRNA anticodon; codon

g. signal (leader); RER; clathrin; cis-

h. Golgi apparatus; sugars; trans-; secretory vesicles; exocytosis; plasma membrane; acid hydrolases; lysosomes; phagosomes

i. Genetic engineering; recombinant; recombinant DNA; cloned DNA (cDNA); bacteria; human growth hormone; insulin; interferon; erythropoitin