BY 32 – SPRING 2000

Section 6143

EXAM 4

NAME ___________________________________

Instructions: Record your answers directly on this sheet by circling the correct response. For each question, choose the single best response.

1. The innermost portion of a kidney lobe is called: (C)

a. the cortex.

b. the medulla.

c. the renal papilla.

d. the renal columns.

2. The space in the middle of the kidney where the larger blood vessels are found is called the: (C)

a. the renal pelvis.

b. the major calyx.

c. the renal sinus.

d. the renal papilla.

3. Which of the following structures is not part of the nephron? (D)

a. The loop of Henle

b. The distal tubule

c. Bowman’s capsule

d. Collecting ducts

4. The cells that make up the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule are called: (B)

a. endothelial cells.

b. podocytes.

c. mesangial cells.

d. proximal tubule cells.

5. The structure that is largely responsible for restricting the passage of large proteins from plasma to the space of Bowman’s capsule is(are) the: (C)

a. fenestrations between endothelial cells.

b. gap junctions between endothelial cells.

c. glomerular basement membrane.

d. filtration slit diaphragms.

6. Which of the following cell types possesses a brush border? (D)

a. distal tubule cells

b. thick ascending loop of Henle cells

c. thin descending loop of Henle cells

d. proximal tubule cells

7. The macula densa is a portion of which of the following? (D)

a. The glomerulus

b. The proximal tubule

c. The loop of Henle

d. The distal tubule

8. Within the cortex of the kidney, portions of the loop of Henle are found in the region called: (A)

a. a medullary ray.

b. cortical labyrinth.

c. the renal papilla.

d. the renal sinus.

9. Which of the following vessels gives rise to peritubular capillaries? (D)

a. The renal artery

b. The interlobular artery

c. The afferent arteriole

d. The efferent arteriole

10. Interlobular arteries are found in the: (C)

a. medullary rays of the kidney.

b. cortical labyrinth of the kidney.

c. outer medulla of the kidney.

d. renal sinus of the kidney.

11. Which of the following tissue types lines the lumen of the ureter? (C)

a. Simple squamous

b. Stratified squamous

c. Transitional epithelium

d. Pseudostratified columnar

12. Which of the following portions of the urinary bladder consists of smooth muscle? (D)

a. The internal urethral sphincter

b. The external urethral sphincter

c. The detrusor muscle

d. Both a and c

13. During the micturition reflex, bladder emptying involves contraction of: (A)

a. the detrusor muscle.

b. the internal urethral sphincter.

c. the external urethral sphincter.

d. the trigone.

14. The amount of filtrate formed in all renal corpuscles per unit time is called the: (A)

a. glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

b. renal clearance.

c. renal excretion rate.

d. renal secretion rate.

15. Glomerular filtration depends on only three of the four Starling forces. Which of the following is not considered in determining glomerular filtration because it is essentially zero? (D)

a. Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure

b. Capsular hydrostatic pressure

c. Blood colloid osmotic pressure

d. Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

16. Assuming no compensation mechanisms, net filtration will increase in the renal corpuscle when there is: (C)

a. an increase in the blood colloid hydrostatic pressure.

b. an increase in the capsular hydrostatic pressure.

c. an increase in blood pressure.

d. a decrease in blood pressure.

17. As a result of the myogenic mechanism operating within the afferent arteriole, a 30% increase in blood pressure will result in: (B)

a. dilation of this vessel.

b. constriction of this vessel.

c. a 30% increase in GFR.

d. both a and c.

18. Which of the following is considered to be part of the intrinsic regulation of GFR? (B)

a. Stimulation by sympathetic nerves

b. Tubuloglomerular feedback

c. Stimulation by angiotensin II

d. Both a and b

19. An increase in the sympathetic nerve outflow to the kidney will result in: (A)

a. an increase in renin release.

b. an increase in GFR.

c. dilation of the afferent arteriole.

d. both b and c.

20. Of the various hormones which act on the kidney, which of the following will increase GFR? (B)

a. Angiotensin II

b. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

c. Aldosterone

d. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

21. The bulk of reabsorption takes place along which part of the nephron? (A)

a. The proximal tubule

b. The loop of Henle

c. The distal tubule

d. Collecting ducts

22. The movement of Na⁺ across the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells via the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase represents an example of which of the following? (B)

a. Facilitated diffusion

b. Primary active transport

c. Secondary active transport

d. Osmosis

23. The movement of glucose from the tubular fluid into proximal tubule cells represents an example of which of the following? (C)

a. Facilitated diffusion

b. Primary active transport

c. Secondary active transport

d. Osmosis

24. The H⁺ needed to supply the Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter of the proximal tubule are supplied through the enzymatic action of:

a. the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase.

b. Na⁺-glucose symporters.

c. carbonic anhydrase.

d. Both b and c.

25. Within the nephron, water permeability is low in which of the following segments? (C)

a. The proximal tubule

b. The descending limb of the loop of Henle