BIO 132 – Anatomy and Physiology II

LECTURE 13:  OVERVIEW TO CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION & ANATOMY OF THE HEART

Study Outline

Answers

 

 

13.1.  Functions of the Cardiovascular System:

a.       rapid transport

b.      oxygen and nutrients; waste products; regulatory substances; heat

 

13.2.  Diffusion versus Convective Transport:

a.       diffusion; passive; thermal motion

b.      distance squared; the diffusion coefficient

c.       milliseconds; convective transport

d.      energy; heart

 

13.3.  The Heart as a Pump: 

a.       series

b.      LV; RA; arteries; capillaries; veins

c.       RV; LA

d.      systole; diastole

e.       cardiac output; 5 L/min

f.        equal

g.       stroke volume; heart rate

 

13.4.  The Determinants of Blood Flow:

a.       a pressure gradient

b.      volume; time

c.       the pressure gradient; vascular resistance

d.      cardiac output; mean arterial pressure; central venous pressure; total peripheral resistance

e.       cardiac output; total peripheral resistance

 

13.5.  Location of the Heart and Pericardium:

a.       fist

b.      mediastinum

c.       bottom of the 2nd intercostal space; 5th intercostal space

d.      fibrous pericardium; diaphragm

e.       serous pericardium; parietal; visceral; pericardial cavity

f.        pericarditis; cardiac tamponade

 

13.6.  Layers of the Heart:

a.       endocardium; myocardium; epicardium; myocardium

b.      endothelium; atria

c.       epicardium; atrioventricular sulcus

 

13.7.  Chambers of the Heart:

a.       atria; ventricles; atrioventricular sulcus

b.      anterior interventricular sulcus; posterior interventricular sulcus

c.       auricles

d.      superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus

e.       pectinate muscles

f.        pulmonary veins

g.       trabeculae carnae; papillary muscles; papillary muscles; AV valve cusps

h.       interventricular septum; interatrial septum

i.         left ventricle

j.        right ventricle

k.      ligamentum arteriosus; ductus arteriosus; lungs

 

13.8.  Atrioventricular (AV) Valves:

a.       tricuspid; 3

b.      bicuspid; 2; mitral

c.       atrial pressure; ventricular pressure; atrial systole

d.      ventricular pressure; atrial pressure; ventricular systole

e.       Papillary muscles

f.        regurgitation

 

13.9.  Semilunar Valves:

a.       RV; pulmonary trunk; LV; aorta

b.      ventricular pressure; arterial pressure; arterial pressure; ventricular pressure; ventricular systole

c.       stenosis; work harder

d.      valvular incompetence; arterial pressure; work harder

e.       Rheumatic fever

 

13.10.  Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart:

a.       annulus fibrosus; membranous interventricular septum; roots of the great vessels

b.      provide origin of valve cusps; provide origin for cardiac muscle; electrical insulation between atria and ventricles

 

13.11.  Coronary Circulation:

a.       right coronary artery; left coronary artery; aorta

b.      marginal artery; posterior interventricular artery

c.       anterior interventricular artery; circumflex artery

d.      ventricular systole

e.       great cardiac vein; middle cardiac vein; small cardiac vein; coronary sinus; right atrium

f.        angina; myocardial infarction; heart attack

 

 

13.12.  Cardiac Muscle:

a.       striated; sliding filament mechanism of contraction

b.      shorter and fatter; one; middle

c.       intercalated discs; desmosomes; gap junctions; gap junctions; desmosomes; mechanical adherance