BIO 132 – Anatomy and Physiology II
Study Outline
Answers
13.1. Functions of the Cardiovascular System:
a. rapid transport
b. oxygen and nutrients; waste products; regulatory substances; heat
13.2. Diffusion versus Convective Transport:
a. diffusion; passive; thermal motion
b. distance squared; the diffusion coefficient
c. milliseconds; convective transport
d. energy; heart
13.3. The Heart as a Pump:
a. series
b.
c. RV; LA
d. systole; diastole
e. cardiac output; 5 L/min
f. equal
g. stroke volume; heart rate
13.4. The Determinants of Blood Flow:
a. a pressure gradient
b. volume; time
c. the pressure gradient; vascular resistance
d. cardiac output; mean arterial pressure; central venous pressure; total peripheral resistance
e. cardiac output; total peripheral resistance
13.5. Location of the Heart and Pericardium:
a. fist
b. mediastinum
c. bottom of the 2nd intercostal space; 5th intercostal space
d. fibrous pericardium; diaphragm
e. serous pericardium; parietal; visceral; pericardial cavity
f. pericarditis; cardiac tamponade
13.6. Layers of the Heart:
a. endocardium; myocardium; epicardium; myocardium
b. endothelium; atria
c. epicardium; atrioventricular sulcus
13.7. Chambers of the Heart:
a. atria; ventricles; atrioventricular sulcus
b. anterior interventricular sulcus; posterior interventricular sulcus
c. auricles
d. superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus
e. pectinate muscles
f. pulmonary veins
g. trabeculae carnae; papillary muscles; papillary muscles; AV valve cusps
h. interventricular septum; interatrial septum
i. left ventricle
j. right ventricle
k. ligamentum arteriosus; ductus arteriosus; lungs
13.8. Atrioventricular (AV) Valves:
a. tricuspid; 3
b. bicuspid; 2; mitral
c. atrial pressure; ventricular pressure; atrial systole
d. ventricular pressure; atrial pressure; ventricular systole
e. Papillary muscles
f. regurgitation
13.9. Semilunar Valves:
a.
RV; pulmonary trunk;
b. ventricular pressure; arterial pressure; arterial pressure; ventricular pressure; ventricular systole
c. stenosis; work harder
d. valvular incompetence; arterial pressure; work harder
e. Rheumatic fever
13.10. Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart:
a. annulus fibrosus; membranous interventricular septum; roots of the great vessels
b. provide origin of valve cusps; provide origin for cardiac muscle; electrical insulation between atria and ventricles
13.11. Coronary Circulation:
a. right coronary artery; left coronary artery; aorta
b. marginal artery; posterior interventricular artery
c. anterior interventricular artery; circumflex artery
d. ventricular systole
e. great cardiac vein; middle cardiac vein; small cardiac vein; coronary sinus; right atrium
f. angina; myocardial infarction; heart attack
13.12. Cardiac Muscle:
a. striated; sliding filament mechanism of contraction
b. shorter and fatter; one; middle
c. intercalated discs; desmosomes; gap junctions; gap junctions; desmosomes; mechanical adherance