BIO 132 – Anatomy and Physiology II

LECTURE 16: CARDIAC PHYSIOLOGY II: REGULATION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT

Study Outline

Answers

16.1. Determinants of Cardiac Output:

a. stroke volume; heart rate

b. 5 L/min; 20 L/min

c. cardiac reserve; 4-5

16.2. The Fick Principle:

a. Fick principle

b. pulmonary artery; the pulmonary capillaries

c. pulmonary blood flow; cardiac output

d. oxygen consumption; pulmonary vein; pulmonary artery

16.3. Regulation of Stroke Volume:

a. stroke volume

b. end diastolic volume; end systolic volume

c. end systolic volume

d. preload; contractility; afterload

e. preload; preload

f. end diastolic volume; end diastolic pressure; ventricular function curve

g. decreases; venous return; decrease; decrease stroke volume

h. right ventricle output; left ventricle output

i. contractility; positive inotropic agent

j. end systolic volume

k. calcium; sympathetic nerve stimulation; cardiac glycosides; epinephrine; glucagon; thyroid hormones

l. negative inotropic agent; calcium channel blockers

m. afterload; aortic pressure; hypertension; end systolic volume

16.4. Regulation of Heart Rate:

a. pacemaker; autonomic nerves; sympathetic; parasympathetic

b. sympathetic; positive chronotropic; parasympathetic; negative chronotropic

c. cardiovascular control

d. SA node; AV node

e. decrease; maximum diastolic potential; increase

f. 100 beats/min; 75 beats/min; vagal tone

16.5. The Baroreceptor and Bainbridge Reflexes:

a. decrease; parasympathetic; baroreceptor

b. increases; sympathetic

c. an increase; Bainbridge

d. atrial natriuretic peptide; sodium; water

16.6. Summary of Factors that Regulate Cardiac Output:

a. end diastolic volume; blood volume

b. end diastolic volume; blood volume; blood pressure

c. end systolic volume; decrease

d. low blood pressure; stress; exercise; increased body temperature

e. blood pressure