BIO 132 – Anatomy and Physiology II

LECTURE 17: VASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY I:

HEMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES & CAPILLARY EXCHANGE

Study Outline

17.1. Profile of Blood Pressure and Velocity in the Systemic Circulation:

a. Hemodynamics

b. blood pressure

c. pulsatile

d. smallest arteries; arterioles

e. distance; time; total cross-sectional area

f. decreases; cardiac output; total cross-sectional area

g. increases

17.2. Principles Governing Blood Flow:

a. pressure gradient; vascular resistance

b. cardiac output; mean arterial pressure; central venous pressure; total peripheral resistance

c. cardiac output; total peripheral resistance

17.3. Vascular Resistance:

a. internal friction; lamina

b. resistance

c. tube length; viscosity; tube radius

d. increase; increase; polycythemia

e. anemia; decreases

f. vessel dimensions; vasoconstriction; vasodilation; blood flow; total peripheral reistance

17.4. The Arterial Pressure Pulse:

a. heart rate; stroke volume; stroke volume; low

b. systolic pressure; diastolic pressure

c. stroke volume; degree of distensibility of the artery

d. compliance; volume; pressure

e. decreases; increase; work

f. stroke volume; peripheral runoff

g. dicrotic notch

17.5. Measurement of Arterial Pressure:

a. systolic pressure; diastolic pressure

b. sphygmomanometry; systolic pressure; Korotkoff; diastolic pressure

17.6. Determinants of Arterial Blood Pressure:

a. cardiac output; total peripheral resistance

b. sympathetic; parasympathetic

c. sympathetic stimulation; venous return; increased blood volume; an increase in the skeletal muscle pump; an increase in the respiratory pump

d. increase; viscosity; total blood vessel length; vessel diameter

17.7. Capillary Exchange:

a. diffusion; transcytosis; bulk flow

b. Starling’s Law of Capillary Exchange; filtration; reabsorption

c. hydrostatic; oncotic

d. capillary hydrostatic pressure, CHP; interstitial hydrostatic pressure, IHP; 35; 16

e. capillary oncotic pressure, COP; interstitial oncotic pressure, IOP; 26 mmHg; 1 mmHg

f. pressures that promote filtration; pressures that promote reabsorption; CHP; IOP; COP; IHP

g. positive; filtration

h. negative; reabsorption

17.8. Causes of Edema:

a. lymph capillaries; edema

b. increased blood pressure; increased capillary permeability; decreased plasma proteins; blocked lymphatic vessels