BY 32 – SPRING 2002

LECTURE 18:  VASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY II:

CONTROL OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD FLOW

Study Outline

Answers

 

18.1.  Control of Blood Flow:

a.       vascular resistance; vascular smooth muscle

b.      intrinsic mechanisms; extrinsic mechanisms

c.       autonomic nervous system; endocrine secretions; reflex pathways; blood pressure

d.      vasocontriction

e.       local factors; systemic blood pressure

 

18.2.  Intrinsic Mechanisms:

a.       pressure autoregulation (myogenic response); metabolic hyperemia; reactive hyperemia

b.      blood flow; autoregulation

c.       contract; reduced

d.      vascular resistance; decreases

e.       metabolic activity; vasodilation; blood flow

f.        vasodilator

g.       reactive hyperemia

 

18.3.  Feedback Regulation of the Cardiovascular System:

a.       the autonomic nervous system;  different hormones; a series of local factors

b.      sensory; cardiovascular center

c.       autonomic nerve fibers

d.      medulla; cerebrum; hypothalamus

e.       anticipatory; exercise; baroreceptors; chemoreceptors

f.        central venous pressure; stroke volume

g.       heart rate; stroke volume

h.       heart rate

 

18.4.  The Baroreceptor and Chemoreptor Reflexes:

a.       carotid sinus; aortic arch

b.      increases; decreases

c.       parasympathetic; sympathetic

d.      carotid body; aortic body

e.       hypoxia; hypercapnia; acidosis; sympathetic; increase

 

18.5.  Hormonal Control of Blood Pressure:

a.       renin; blood pressure; blood flow to the kidney

b.      angiogensin I; angiotensin II; angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

c.       vasoconstriction; aldosterone; aldosterone; water; blood volume (and thus pressure)

d.      hypothalamus; water retention; vasoconstriction

e.       epinephrine; norepinephrine

f.        atrial natriuretic peptide; Na+ loss; loss

g.       nitric oxide; vasodilator

 

18.6.  Response to Hemorrhage:

a.       Shock

b.      hypovolemic; cardiogenic; vascular; obstructive

c.       hypovolemic

d.      increased; low; lactic

e.       increased; drop; stroke volume

f.        total peripheral resistance; cold; clammy (increased sweat gland secretion); cyanotic (=blue)

g.       renin; aldosterone; ADH; urine; blood volume

h.       thirst; restlessness; coma