BY 32 – SPRING 2002
Study Outline
Answers
18.1. Control of Blood Flow:
a. vascular resistance; vascular smooth muscle
b. intrinsic mechanisms; extrinsic mechanisms
c. autonomic nervous system; endocrine secretions; reflex pathways; blood pressure
d. vasocontriction
e. local factors; systemic blood pressure
18.2. Intrinsic Mechanisms:
a. pressure autoregulation (myogenic response); metabolic hyperemia; reactive hyperemia
b. blood flow; autoregulation
c. contract; reduced
d. vascular resistance; decreases
e. metabolic activity; vasodilation; blood flow
f. vasodilator
g. reactive hyperemia
18.3. Feedback Regulation of the Cardiovascular System:
a. the autonomic nervous system; different hormones; a series of local factors
b. sensory; cardiovascular center
c. autonomic nerve fibers
d. medulla; cerebrum; hypothalamus
e. anticipatory; exercise; baroreceptors; chemoreceptors
f. central venous pressure; stroke volume
g. heart rate; stroke volume
h. heart rate
18.4. The Baroreceptor and Chemoreptor Reflexes:
a. carotid sinus; aortic arch
b. increases; decreases
c. parasympathetic; sympathetic
d. carotid body; aortic body
e. hypoxia; hypercapnia; acidosis; sympathetic; increase
18.5. Hormonal Control of Blood Pressure:
a. renin; blood pressure; blood flow to the kidney
b. angiogensin I; angiotensin II; angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
c. vasoconstriction; aldosterone; aldosterone; water; blood volume (and thus pressure)
d. hypothalamus; water retention; vasoconstriction
e. epinephrine; norepinephrine
f. atrial natriuretic peptide; Na+ loss; loss
g. nitric oxide; vasodilator
18.6. Response to Hemorrhage:
a. Shock
b. hypovolemic; cardiogenic; vascular; obstructive
c. hypovolemic
d. increased; low; lactic
e. increased; drop; stroke volume
f. total peripheral resistance; cold; clammy (increased sweat gland secretion); cyanotic (=blue)
g. renin; aldosterone; ADH; urine; blood volume
h. thirst; restlessness; coma