BY 32 – SPRING 2002

LECTURE 19: ANATOMY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

Study Outline

Answers

19.1. Overview of the Urinary System:

a. kidneys; ureters; bladder; urethra

b. abdomen; pelvis

c. 20

d. urology

e. regulation of body water and solute composition; regulation of blood pH; hormone release; excretion

f. erythropoitin; calcitriol

19.2. Anatomy of the Kidney:

a. hilum; blood vessels; nerves; lymphatics

b. T12; L3; retroperitoneal

c. lobes; major calyx; renal pelvis; ureter

d. medulla; cortex; pyramid; renal papilla

e. renal columns

f. renal sinus

g. nephron; renal corpuscle; proximal tubule; loop of Henle; distal tubule; collecting duct

19.3. The Renal Corpuscle:

a. glomerulus; Bowman’s capsule

b. visceral layer; parietal layer; podocytes; proximal tubule

c. glomerulus; fenestrated

d. glomerular basement membrane; podocytes

e. pedicels; filtration slit; filtration slit diaphragms

f. endothelium; formed elements; platelets; glomerular basement membrane; charge; hydraulic conductance

19.4. Proximal Tubule:

a. space of Bowman’s capsule; loop of Henle

b. simple; brush border; microvilli

c. mitochondria; ATP-dependent

19.5. The Loop of Henle and Distal Tubule:

a. ascending; descending; thick; thin

b. simple squamous

c. brush border

d. distal tubule; macula densa

e. thick descending limb; distal tubule

f. juxtamedullary nephrons; medulla; cortex (cortical labyrinth)

g. juxtaglomerular cells; tubuloglomerular feedback

19.6. Collecting Ducts:

a. nephrons

b. simple cuboidal

c. medullary ray; cortical labyrinth

d. medullary ray; cortical labyrinth

19.7. Nerve and Blood Supply of the Kidney:

a. sympathetic; parasympathetic

b. renal artery; segmental arteries; interlobar arteries; arcuate arteries

c. interlobular arteries; glomerulus

d. peritubular; vasa recta

e. interlobular vein; arcuate vein; interlobar vein; segmental vein

f. arcuate vein

19.8. The Ureters and Bladder:

a. renal pelvis; bladder

b. transitional epithelium

c. peristaltic waves

d. reflux; backflow

e. store urine; transitional epithelium; rugae

f. detrusor; trigone

g. internal urethral sphincter; skeletal muscle

19.9. The Micturition Reflex:

a. micturition; voluntary; involuntary

b. sympathetic; detrusor; trigone; internal urethral sphincter

c. stretch; micturition reflex; micturition center

d. parasympathetic; detrusor; internal urethral sphincter

e. bladder filling

f. somatic motor neurons

g. incontinence; nerve injury; bladder injury or disease