BIO 132 – Anatomy and Physiology II

LECTURE 2: THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Study Outline

Answers

2.1. Posterior Pituitary Hormones:

a. oxytocin; anti-diuretic hormone (ADH); neurons

b. nine; phospholipase C

2.2. Oxytocin:

a. paraventricular; uterine smooth muscle; smooth muscle in the mammary glands

b. uterine contraction; release of breast milk

c. Pitocin

2.3. Anti-diuretic Hormone:

a. suproptic; kidney; sweat glands; arterioles

b. osmoreceptors; increases; increase

c. increase; sweat glands; vasonstrict

d. decrease; decrease; alcohol; antagonists

e. diabetes insipidus; polyuria; SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH)

2.4. Anterior Pituitary Hormones:

a. trophic

b. prolactin; growth hormone

2.5. Prolactin:

a. lactotropes; breast (i.e., mammary gland); increased

b. hypothalamus; prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)(=dopamine); prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)

c. hyperprolactinemia; infertility

2.6. Growth Hormone (GH):

a. somatotropes; bone; muscle; growth; epiphyseal plate

b. somatomedins

c. breakdown; increase; diabetogenic

d. growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH); hypothalamus; decreased; decreased; increase

e. growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH); somatostatin; hyperglycemia

f. gigantism; acromegaly

g. pituitary dwarfism

2.7. Thyroid Hormones:

a. follicular; iodine; tyrosine

b. basal metabolic rate (BMR); heat; increases; calorigenic

c. synthesis; breakdown; increased; forceful

d. thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropes; thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

e. anterior pituitary; hypothalamus; low BMR; cold environment

f. cretinism; dwarfism; retardation; myxedema; decreased; gain

g. Grave’s; TSH; goiter; TSH

2.8. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin (CT):

a. chief; parafollicular; thyroid

b. decrease; inhibit

c. kidney; bone; increase; stimulates; increased

d. bone; decrease

e. hypocalcemic tetany; loss

2.9. The Adrenal Cortex:

a. zona glomerulosa; zona fasiculata; zona reticularis

b. zona glomerulosa; aldosterone; zona fasiculata; cortisol; zona reticularis

2.10. Aldosterone:

a. kidney; reabsorption; secretion; increase

b. renin-angiotensin II; increased; angiotensin I; angiotensin II; angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE); vasoconstrict

c. decrease; increase; adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH); atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); excretion

d. aldosteronism; increased

2.11. Cortisol:

a. glucose; fatty;

b. ACTH; corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

c. corticotropes; increased; elevated

d. Addison’s

2.12. Pancreatic Hormones:

a. glucagon; insulin

b. glucagon; insulin

c. breakdown; synthesize

d. diabetes mellitus; increase; increase; polyuria; polydipsia; insulin; insulin receptors

e. hyperinsulinism; decrease