BIO 132 – Anatomy and Physiology II

LECTURE 3: ANATOMY OF THE GI TRACT I

Study Outline

Answers

3.1. Role of the Digestive System in Homeostasis:

a. nutrients in the form of fuel molecules;

b. simpler molecules; digestion

c. waste products

d. external environment; immune

3.2. Organs of the Digestive System:

a. gastrointestinal (GI) tract; accessory digestive organs and glands

b. mouth; anus; oral cavity; pharynx; esophagus; stomach; small intestine; large intestine

c. exocrine; lumen of the GI tract; parotid; submandibular; sublingual; liver; pancreas

d. teeth; tongue

3.3. Digestive System Functions:

a. ingestion; digestion; absorption; secretion; motility; defecation; excretion

b. mechanical digestion; chemical digestion; mechanical digestion; oral cavity; enzymes

c. absorption; blood capillaries; lymph capillaries

d. swallowing;

e. peristalsis

f. segmentation

g. anus; feces

h. metabolized bilirubin

3.4. The Peritoneum:

a. visceral; mesothelial

b. retroperitoneal

c. mesentery

d. ascites

e. peritonitis

f. falciform ligament; lesser omentum; greater omentum; transverse mesocolon

3.5. The General Organization of the GI Tract:

a. mucosa; mucus

b. stratified squamous; simple columnar; stratified squamous; absorption; secretion

c. tight

d. lamina propria; MALT = mucosa associated lymphoid tissues

e. muscularis mucosa; muscularis externa

f. submucosal (=Meissner’s); submucosa; myenteric (=Auerbach’s); inner circular; outer longitudinal

g. inner circular; muscularis externa

h. serosa; adventitia

3.6. Anatomy of the Oral Cavity:

a. cheeks; lips; palate; tongue; vestibule; pharynx

b. orbicularis oris

c. labial frenulum

d. hard; soft; uvula

e. palatoglossal; palatopharyngeal

3.7. The Tongue:

a. taste

b. lingual frenulum; ankyloglossia

c. papillae; filiform papillae; fungiform; circumvallate papillae

d. sulcus terminalis; lingual tonsils

3.8. Teeth:

a. periodontal; paired maxillae; mandible

b. incisors; canines; premolars; molars

c. crown; enamel

d. root; cementum

e. odontoblasts

f. pulp cavity

g. caries; demineralization; gingivitis

3.9. The Esophagus:

a. pharynx; stomach; diaphragm; hiatus

b. cardioesophageal; physiological

c. stratified squamous

d. skeletal muscle; smooth; muscularis mucosa

e. reflux; esophagitis

f. adventitia

3.10. The Stomach:

a. chyme

b. rugae

c. greater; lesser

d. cardia; fundus; body; pyloric region; body; fundus

e. innermost

f. gastric pits; gastric glands; muscularis mucosa

g. mucous columnar cell; mucus

h. parietal; intrinsic factor; Chief; pepsinogen; enteroendocrine

i. higher

j. hypersecretion; hyposecretion; peritonitis

k. enteroendocrine; gastrin

3.11. The Small Intestine:

a. pyloric sphincter; ileocecal valve

b. duodenum, jejunum; ileum

c. liver; pancreas

d. villi; crypts; plicae circulares

e. lamina propria; lacteals

f. Peyer’s

g. simple columnar epithelium; columnar absorptive cells; goblet cells; Paneth cells; enteroendocrine cells

h. microvilli, villi, plicae circulares

i. duodenum; Brunner’s glands

j. increases; increases

k. jejunum

l. ileocecal valve