BIO 132 – Anatomy and Physiology II

LECTURE 5: PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: MOTILITY AND SECRETION

Study Outline

Answers

5.1. Overview to the Regulation of Digestive Function:

a. mechanoreceptors; chemoreceptors; osmoreceptors

b. local (enteric) nerve plexuses; smooth muscle; glands

c. long reflex; autonomic nervous; sympathetic; parasympathetic

d. long

5.2. Functions of Saliva:

a. 1.0-1.5

b. moistening and lubricating food to facilitate swallowing; putting food in solution so it can be tasted; digestion (both chemical and mechanical); protection of the mucosa against noxious food or drink; protection against dental caries or gum disease

c. mucin; IgA and lysozyme; amylase; lingual lipase; urea

d. mucin; lubrication of food to ease swallowing

e. IgA; lysozyme

f. carbohydrates; amylase; lingual lipase

g. xerostomia; dental caries; gum infections; pancreatic amylase

5.3. Secretion of Saliva:

a. plasma

b. sodium; chloride; potassium; bicarbonate; bicarbonate

c. serous acinar

5.4. Neural Control of Salivary Secretion:

a. pressure (mechanoreceptors); chemoreceptors; salivary nuclei in the brainstem

b. irritatant

c. salivary; psychological

d. parasympathetic; serous; mucous

e. blood; vasodilate blood vessels supplying the salivary glands

5.5. Swallowing:

a. voluntarily; reflex; oral cavity; stomach

b. oral; pharyngeal; esophageal

c. oral; tongue; upper esophageal sphincter

d. soft palate; uvula; larynx; epiglottis; pharyngeal; upper esophageal sphincter

e. esophageal; contracted; lower esophageal sphincter; esophageal reflux

5.6. Gastric Secretions:

a. chief; pepsinogen; gastric lipase; pepsinogen; stomach acid; pepsin

b. hydrochloric acid; parietal; carbonic anhydrase; lumen of the gastric gland; bicarbonate

c. acetylcholine; gastrin; histamine; histamine

d. 3

5.7. Regulation of Gastric Secretion:

a. cephalic; gastric; intestinal

b. cephalic; hypothalamus; vagal; digestive enzymes; mucus; stomach acid; sympathetic

c. gastric

d. stretch (mechanoreceptors); chemoreceptors; vagus

e. enzyme; acid; gastrin

f. partially digested proteins; caffeine; increased pH in the lumen; pepsinogen; acid

g. mast; H2; antagonists

h. excessive acidity; sympathetic

i. intestinal; intestinal gastrin

j. enterogastric; vagal nuclei; sympathetic

k. GIP; CCK; VIP; secretin; secretin

5.8. Gastric Motility and Emptying:

a. receptive relaxation; swallowing center; nitric oxide

b. cardiac portion; pyloric portion; acetylcholine; gastrin; sympathetic

c. distension; caffeine; gastrin; lower esophageal; pyloric

d. enterogastric; parasympathetic; secretin; GIP; CCK; VIP; CCK

e. vomiting; vomiting; dehydration; alkalosis; bicarbonate