BIO 132 – Anatomy and Physiology II

LECTURE 9: PHYSIOLGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: LUNG MECHANICS AND ALVEOLAR VENTILATION

Study Outline

Answers

9.1. Boyle’s Law:

a. increase; decrease

b. subatmospheric; volume

c. (indirectly) the muscles of respiration

9.2. Muscles of Respiration:

a. diaphragm; intrathoracic

b. external intercostal muscles; raise; outwardly rotate

c. passive

d. abdominal; internal intercostal muscles; downward

9.3. Events within the Alveolus:

a. distending

b. pressure inside (i.e., alveolar pressure, P_A); pressure outside (i.e., intrapleural pressure, P_pl)

c. negative (e.g., -5 cmH₂O); lung; chest wall

d. elastic recoil of the alveoli; elastic recoil of the chest wall; atmospheric pressure, P_B

e. +5 cmH₂O

f. intrathoracic; transmural; less

g. decreasing; increasing

h. decrease; alveolar

i. atmospheric pressure, P_B

9.4. Compliance of the Lung:

a. change in volume (DV); change in pressure (DP); large

b. decrease; higher

c. increase; lower

9.5. Surfactant:

a. liquid; air; increase; decrease

b. surfactant; type II alveolar

c. infant respiratory distress; adult respiratory distress

9.6. Interaction of the Lung and Chest Wall:

a. outward elastic recoil

b. outward; inward

9.7. Airways Resistance:

a. airways resistance;

b. decreases

c. segmental bronchi; parallel; low (because the individual resistances add as reciprocals)

d. increase

e. decrease; increase

f. epinephrine (=adrenaline)

9.8. Lung Volumes and Capacities:

a. spirometer; residual volume (RV); total lung capacity (TLC); functional residual capacity (FRC)

b. tidal volume

c. inspiratory reserve volume

d. expiratory reserve volume

e. residual volume

f. functional residual capacity

g. inspiratory capacity

h. vital capacity

i. total lung capacity

j. decrease; increase

9.9. Alveolar Ventilation:

a. minute volume

b. anatomic dead space

c. minute volume; volume ventilating the dead space

d. tidal volume